About Hnefatafl
Hnefatafl is the Viking siege game, played across Scandinavia for centuries before chess arrived. It's a duel between two unequal armies: a smaller defending force protecting its king in the center, and a larger attacking force trying to trap him. The two sides have completely different goals, which is what makes it fascinating.
The imbalance is the whole point. The defender's king tries to flee to safety while surrounded, and the attackers try to strangle him before he escapes, and both jobs are genuinely hard. The game meant so much to the Norse that boards were buried with warriors who apparently couldn't bear to leave it behind.
You can play Hnefatafl free in your browser against the computer or with friends on one screen, with no download. The rules are simple to learn, since all pieces move the same way, but the asymmetric strategy is deep. Playing both sides teaches you two very different kinds of thinking.
Controls
You play by moving pieces. Tap a piece and then tap where you want it to go. All pieces move the same way, in straight lines like a chess rook, any distance until something blocks them.
The two sides win in opposite ways:
- The defender's goal is to escort the king from the center to safety. The king wins by reaching any corner square, so the defending side plays to open a path and break through.
- The attacker's goal is to trap the king by surrounding him on all four sides. The larger attacking force plays to close off his escape routes and box him in.
You capture an ordinary piece by flanking it, moving so it's caught between two of your pieces on opposite sides.
The armies are unequal by design, so each side needs a different strategy. Against the computer, the difficulty rises across eight levels.
Tips
- As the defender, open a lane for the king. Your goal is to get the king to a corner, so use your pieces to clear and protect a path toward one, rather than just huddling in the center.
- As the attacker, cut off escape routes. The king can flee to any corner, so spread your larger force to guard multiple directions, closing the net gradually instead of chasing him to one side.
- Capture by flanking, not landing on. You take a piece by trapping it between two of yours on opposite sides, so set up these pincers rather than expecting to capture by moving onto an enemy.
- Defenders, don't over-commit. Sending the king out too early can get him surrounded, so build a safe route with your other pieces before making the break for a corner.
- Attackers, use your numbers patiently. You have more pieces, so trading them off carelessly weakens your grip, and a slow, coordinated squeeze traps the king more reliably than a rush.
- Learn both sides. Playing attacker and defender teaches you what each is trying to do, so understanding your opponent's goal is the fastest way to get better at either role.
Frequently asked questions
Is Hnefatafl free to play?
Yes. You can play as much as you want with no download and no account.
How do you play Hnefatafl?
It's a siege game between two unequal sides. All pieces move in straight lines like a chess rook. The defender tries to get its king to a corner, while the larger attacking force tries to surround the king on all four sides.
How do you capture pieces?
You capture an ordinary piece by flanking it, moving so that the enemy piece is trapped between two of your pieces on opposite sides. You don't capture by landing on a piece as in chess.
Why are the two sides unequal?
The imbalance is intentional and central to the game. The defender has fewer pieces but only needs the king to escape, while the attacker has more pieces but the harder task of trapping him, which keeps both sides challenging.
How do you win at Hnefatafl?
The defender wins by moving the king to any corner square. The attacker wins by surrounding the king on all four sides so he can't move to safety.
Can I play Hnefatafl on my phone?
Yes. It runs in any modern mobile browser with tap controls, so it works well on phones and tablets.